Fire-place lining



(No Model.)

J. "A'DAR,

l PIRE PLAGE LINING.

NO- 272.013- Y Patented Feb.13,18s.

Mya W 0h his lUNITED STATES Aralar' einen.

JAMES ADAIR, OF SEWIGKLEY, PENNSYLVANIA.

Fl RE-PLACE LINING.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 272,013, dated February13, 1883.

' Application filed Julyal, 1ero. (Numana To all 'whom t may concernBeit known that l, J AMES A13/11R, of Sewickfley borough, Pittsburgpostoftice, county of Allegheny, State of Pennsylvania, have 'in\ ventedor discovered a new and useful Improvement in Fire-Place Linings; and Ido hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, concise, and exactdescription thereof, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings,mak ing `a part 0f this specification, in which-likelettersindicating like parts- Figure 1 is a transverse sectionalelevation of a part of 'a fire-place illustrative of my presentinvention. Figs. 2 and 3 are detached perspective views of thetile-supporting frame, and showing tile or brick of different formsarranged thereon", and Figs. 4 and 5 are enlarged views in outline ofthebrick `or tile shown in Figs. 2 and 3, respectively.

My present invention relates to the construction and arrangement of thetile walls or lining of nre-places; .and`itconsists, in general terms,in certain combinations of separate tiles or bricks withsupporting-frames in the walls of the fire-basket, and in the form andcon struction `oi such tiles and walls, as hereinafter more fullydescribed and claimed.

In the drawings, Fig. 1, A represents the chimney-walls, inclosing thefire-place. Within this space the iire-basketwith its walls orliningsare arranged, and (in the case of open grates) usually consist of alire-grate, two end tiles, one or two back tiles, and a roof-tile. I

`have not shown a grate, as my invention is equally applicable to gratesof diii'eren't construction; but the front bar, a, and centralpivot-rod, a', are intended and adapted for receiving theAagitating-grate shown and describedin patent granted to me July 27,1880. Heretoi'ore the tile walls or linings of the hre-basket haveusually been built of slabs of fire-clay tile, which reach in one piecefrom end toend or from front to back of the tirebasket. Such large tilesare not only expensive, but they are liable to crack or be broken,especially when hot, and in order to replace them with sound ones alarge part or nearly all ofthe 'tile-work must be tornout and rebuilt.In my invention I make use of a metallic frame or plate, C, which isarranged .in the pla-ne of the `desired Wall, with its ends restends,while their rear faces rest againsttlie cross and side bars, c c', ot'the frame. Ribs t' are also raised or formed on the cross-bars c, whichribs spaceV the separate bricks and prevent sidewise displacement.

It desired, lire-clay or other mortar may be placed between the bricks,covering the ribs i, ls0 `as to protect the metal frame from thedestructive action of the heat. I prefer, however, to leave considerableof this space open, so as to form thereby ducts or channels b betweenthe separate bricks on their front or face side, and by making notchesor openings c in or between the ledges cin line with these channelspassages will be formed across the face ot' the lining-wall, throughwhich air may pass to the fire from below, or ashes be discharged fromthe tire, and thereby prevent the rear part of the re-basket frombecoming choked or clogged. B y using brick having beveled side edges,s', Fig. 4, these channels or ducts b may be varied in form. It' thesmaller face oi' the brick be placed against the lframe C, the lhannelswill have a dovetail form, Wider toward the back than at the front faceof the wall. The advantage of this form (see Fig. 2) is that any coalsorclinkers which may enter the channels from the front i'ace will readilyfall, and the channels can easily be kept clear. Iconsider this featureof considerable importance, and it is an advantage which cannot besecured in the ordinary replace tile, owing to the difficulty of moldingsuch channels in solid tile. If, however, for

a'ny reason it is desired to make the channels -b widest on the face ofthe wall, it may be done by placing the larger face or edge of the brickagainst the frame, as in Fig. 3.

The separate bricks may be laid dat on `the a 4 seams frame, as at B,Fig. 2, in which case four bricks ot' ordinary size will cover the usualwidth of nre-basket, leaving three ducts or passages between the bricksand two at the ends or outside edges.

more particularly for the back of the fire-basket, and in arranging theframe in such place l prefer to slope it upward and backward, as in Fig.l, so that a like slope may be given to the face ofthe wall. Severalwell-,known advantages result from this arrangementor slope, though,'iffor any special reason a vertical wall be desired,it may be so arrangedas in the case of the upper part ofthe back Wall, Fig. 1. Any spacesmade by inclining either of these parts of the Wall, or made in otherways, may belled with suitable refractory mortar or cement, as at d. Forthe end walls of the firebasket the brick may be laid iiat-on theframes, as just described, though I prefer to use brick` shaped as atB,Fig. 5,- and set them edgewise on the frame, as in Fig. 3. In thiscase the frames are set in the desired position in the fire-place in avertical or nearly vertical position. The'inclined or sloping edges ofthe brick will give an upward and backward slope to the face of thewall; or, when preferred, rectangular brick may be arranged in the sameway, giving a vertical Wall; or the desired slope may be secured byinclining the frames,

as before described.

In order to secure the brick separately, yet safely, when arrangededgewise, as in Fig. 3, I set their rear edges into the openings C ofthe frame between the raised bars i; also, the

anges or ledges c may be made deeper, pro- Y jectin g forward nearly as`far as the front edges of the brick, but by preference 'stopping alittle short of such front edges, so as to be protected thereby from thefire. By .this edgewise arrangement I secure a greater number of ductsor passages, b, and also a greater body or thickness of wall or lining,which adds very materially to the heating capacity of the tireplace,since these passages increase materially the extent of surface exposedon the brick or tile to the fire bypermitting ame, hotl gases, and coalsto come in direct contact with their edges or side as Well as frontfaces, whereby they become very hot and radiate their heat for a longtime. This combination of devices in forming the back and end walls ofthe tirebasket, as illustrated in Fig. 1, I consider an importantimprovement, economizing space and cost'oi1 construction, and securingcomparatively heavy walls with means for. readily heating the same, asdescribed. For these reasons I prefer the construction and arrangementwhich I have here shown. Where there is sufficient room in a nre-placethis arrangement, Fig. 3, may be used for the lower back wall of thefire-basket, as well as for the end walls.

When applying myimprovement to the top or roof tile I set the frame O inthe desired position and support the bricks B2 thereon by This manner ofarranging the' .bricks on the supporting-frame is designed will holdthem in place, yet permit of their separate removal; also, ducts orpassages will thus be formed between the separate bricks on their loweror face side, whichserve as channels for the passage of smoke andgaseous products of'combustion. This not only keeps the face of the wallor lining cleaner, and therefore in better condition to radiate heat,but the channels are also calculated to arrest a tendency to pung smokeinto a room.

I am aware that furrows or channels have been made in the face of solidfire-place tiles, and that such tiles have been arranged in the top orroof as well as in the ends and back of a fire-basket; but I am notaware that; lining- Walls with channels have been made as I have hereinshown and described.

By my improvement I am enabled to make use of ordinary fire-brick, theforms shown being such as are commonly used in furnace construction.They can therefore be obtained from dealers generally at acomparativelylow price, while the tile usually employed in tireplacelinings are special articles of manufacture, difficult to obtain whenmanufacturers of fire-clay products are busy, and at any time can be hadonly on special and increased prices.

By my improvement I can make a re-place cheaper with less trouble inobtaining the materials, and thewall or lining made in this Way is inmany respects better than when made with the usual large solid, plain,or fluted tile, because the wall is less liable to crack and break, andespecially because the bricks can be removed separately or singly whenbroken, and, being separated by passages b, they are exposed both ontheir front and side or edge faces to the re in the basket, and arethereby more highly heated, as above described. The metal `frames, beingcovered and protected from the fire, will be durable and practicallypermanent.

I do not limit my invention to the particular form of frameor of bricksshown and described, as these features can be varied by mechanical skillto `adapt them to grates of different constructions and to lire-placesof different forms without departing from my invention.

I am aware that the side walls or linings of fire-pots in stoves,furnaces, 8vo., have been made of separate bricks or tiles supported oniron frames with open passages between the edges ot the bricks, and I donot claim broadly, or alone considered, such construction andcombination.

l claim herein as my invention- 1. In combination with the tire-basketof an open fire-place, a metal supporting-frame, U, extending from theback wall forward, partially over the {ire-basket and separate bricks`B2, supported on and projecting from the under face of such frame, withducts or passages between` the bricks in the line of draft,substantially as set forth, whereby smoke and gas IOO IIO

2. The combination of sloping frame C, two or more rectangular bricks,B, of uniform thickness arranged on `such sloping frame, with open-sidedpassages b between the adjacent uncovered edges of the bricks, `the sameconstituting the back Wall of a tire-basket, and frames U and 4bricksB', arranged thereon at the ends ot' the tire-basket, such bricksdecreasing in thickness upward and havin g opensided passa ges betweenthe ad j acent side faces ofthe bricks, the same forming the end Wallssided ducts or passages extending through the thickened part of the wallalong its face and opening at their lower ends into the space be-` lowthe tire-basket, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. i

4. A wall or lining for the tire-basket of a fire-place, consisting oftwo or more separate bricks or tiles, B', arranged side by side withopen passages between their adjacent uncovered sides,such bricksdecreasing in thickness toward the top and having their front facessloping, as described, in combination with a frame or support forholding the separate bricks, in place, substantially as set forth. Intestimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

JAMES ADAIR.

Witnesses:

JAMES A. MCKEAN, C.`L. PARKER.

